The Positive and Negative Effects of European Colonization of South Research Paper

The Positive and Negative Effects of European Colonization of South Eastern Australia - Research Paper Example This earliest establishment however, faced relatively tough conditions because of the overall land quality around Sydney Cove area. The second fleet arrived in 1790 to offer much relief for the settlers of the first settlement and greatly increased the overall presence of Britain on Australian soil. The overall purpose of establishing the colonies in Australia was mostly based upon the fact that British lost most of its American colonies in war of Independence. As such there was an emphasis on founding the replacement colonies at other places in order to continue to fulfill the political and economic objectives of the British Government. Besides the country was also considered as suitable for the purpose of plantation while at the same time, this colony could also provide compensation to British Loyalist Americans. This paper will however, attempt to explore and analyze the overall negative and positive impact of the European Colonization in the South Easter Australian region. Coloni alism- a general introduction Colonialism has a rich history as nations attempted to expand themselves beyond their physical borders by establishing colonies in other areas. Under this mechanism the indigenous population is either directly ruled or displaced to reduce the overall resistance to the power. England was one of the main countries which have established colonies across the whole globe to achieve different political as well as economic objectives. (Osterhammel 1997) One of the key impacts of the colonization of the territories was the systematic use and exploitation of these territories’ resources, markets as well as labor. As such due to these factors important socio-political and cultural changes took place in these areas which virtually eroded the original culture of these areas. It is important to note that the colonies which were established as a result of this were different in nature wherein nations either attempted to establish settler colonies, plantation c olonies, dependencies as well as the trading posts. These were established in order to achieve larger socio-political objectives besides ensuring that the overall power of a nation remains a dominating factor in world politics. Countries like Australia and New Zealand were settler colonies established with a major aim of transporting large number of people from the parent countries to these host colonies. However, the inter-mingling of the different races created strong health related issues. In many instances almost half of the race died of the different diseases. Aborigines of the region mostly died either through conflict with the Europeans or out of the diseases. European Settlements in Australia The early evidence for the attempts made by Europeans to settle in Australia dates back to 1606 when Dutch attempted to occupy the land. They were the first to sail through to this land however, they were heavily confronted by the Aborigines therefore they had to leave without settling there. It was also because of this reason that Dutch only made one landing on the soil of Australia and did not attempted to settle there. During 1770, British tried for the first time to sail through the area and attempt to establish a proper base in the region. In 1770, Capitan James Cook sailed around this region and named it as New South Wales. Cook also claimed the land in the name of England while at the same time ignoring the Aborigines.

Agency Theory and Corporate Governance Problem Essay

Agency Theory and Corporate Governance Problem - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the Agency theory conceptualizes the relationship between the firm managers and shareholders as a â€Å"nexus of contract† that is bound to result to conflict due to the different interests of each group. The proposal of this theory is that firms should have independent board structures and that the equity-based compensation for top executives should be applied to curb the aggressive behavior of the management. While this theory suffers a number of weaknesses by assuming perfect organizational structures, it provides a possible approach to a solution of the corporate governance problem. On this ground, agency theory, to a great extent provides workable solutions that can harmonize the interests of both the managers and company stakeholders. Corporate structures are characterized by a separation between the owners and the management of an organization. The owners of an organization appoint managers who are better versed with manage ment knowledge to run their business for payment. The expectation of the shareholders is that the managers run the organizations to the best interests of the shareholders at all times. However, there is the risk that the management may put their goals first before those of the firm, which would be contradictory to their duties. As expected, the managers are the information bearers and have for the power to influence the firm performance and profit through their strategic initiatives. From a different angle, the shareholders have little information and hence act in good faith expecting that the management will pursue the firm interests. However, it is hard for them to establish whether the management influenced the outcomes of their firms through economic manipulation. Ultimately, the shareholders wish to submit the business risks to the experts with the sole aim of maximizing the share values for their own benefits. Contrary, the manager’s goals may be against the shareholder 's interest as they seek to maximize the benefits they accrue from the organization.

Analysis of Mobile Enterprise Model Frame (SB Model)

Analysis of Mobile Enterprise Model Frame (SB Model) The first objective of this paper discusses the writers understanding of Scornavacca and Barnes (2008) mobile enterprise model frame (SB Model) and an illustration of its current usage and future implementation in the field of existing Patient management system. The second objective is to discuss the existing implementation of mobile usage in Learning of Life University (LLU) with respect mobile enterprise model of SB Model with regard to its virtual learning environment in the categories of General student administration, Teaching, learning and assessment and Assessment management and tracking. In this part the dimension and stages of mobile enterprise model will be discussed and also it relevance to the existing healthcare enterprise. Below is the figure suggested by SB model. Picture 1: Dimensions Stages of Mobile enterprise model (Scornavacca, Barnes 2008) First let use discuss what the terms Market, Process and Mobility mean in the above figure. Market: this describes how a particular feature makes customers of a company or product more attracted towards it which is also known as the value proposition. It may also consist of the experiences of business partners with respect to the product and services. Mobile Channel access it is at the lowest level which represents that mobility is largely being used in the enterprise for information. Mobile Service value it is at the middle level which represents that wireless network is being used at an intermediate level in specific areas to enhance mobility. Mobile Service creation it is at the highest level which represents that an organization is completely using wireless medium to create new service/products and improve it continuously. Process: it is the results after the processes and change adopted in the work configuration after moving to mobile application. Automation it refers to the improvement of efficiency in the current existing process after moving to mobile. Decision Support it is the knowledge gained from mobile solution which brings the effectiveness in any work process. Transformation it is the transformation of a process when moved to mobile. As the name suggests it is the organizational processes fundamental change when in mobile medium. Mobility: it describes the place independence for a job when moved to mobile which is enabled by wireless internet or a wireless solution which gives mobility to a job. Transient it is the first level where the employees move from one location to another and the basic support they get at the location they move to. Mobile it is the second level where the employees become more location independent for long period of time but still have to return back to a conventional fixed location to carry out certain functions. Remote it is the third and the highest level where an employee need not come to the conventional fixed location at all which provides complete mobility i.e., location independence. Let us discuss the dimensions and stages in the field of Health care related to Patient Appointment booking system (PABS). As far as now there is very less to nil usage of mobile technology in PABS. According to the writer of this report mobility in PABS can be represented in the mobile enterprise model as shown in Picture 2. Mobility: How independent are people/ patients to book an appointment with a doctor/GP through a mobile app using a wireless internet connection. Transient A system where patients can book a doctors appointment by visiting the hospital. Mobile A online system where patients can book a doctors appointment via conventional computer using an internet connection by sitting in a particular place. Remote A mobile system where a patient can book appointments irrespective of their current location and also pick a time as per their convenience based on the slot availability. Picture 2: PABS w.r.t SB model Process: How has the patient appointment booking system improved or how is the current situation. Automation If PABS is moved to mobile then patients save ample lot of time which they can invest on some other productive work. It also helps hospitals to hire staff particular for appointments or they can use the existing staff in other administration work. It saves time of both patient and hospital. Information A online PABS can be used by people to book appointments where in hospital can get information about the patient even before they arrive at the hospital. Transformation A mobile PABS is present where in people can book appointments whenever they want by being location independent and having an internet connection. The mobile system can also be transformed when the patient is able to postpone or cancel the booked appointment if needed and that gives out notification for the urgent patients who can mark themselves as urgent if they need such notifications and those newly created slots can be used on the basis of first come first serve or the notification might also be sent based on the criticality or the urgency level. Market: How patient appointment booking system increases the value of a hospital, by making it easy for patients to use a mobile system. This stage also shows how new features added to the mobile system would make patients more attracted towards using the application and getting themselves involved with their doctor/GP/hospital. Mobile channel access A mobile system which largely provides only information about the doctor/GP/Hospital without any other services. As it gives only information it is placed at the lowest level. Mobile Service value A mobile system which is present where in patients can book appointments through a mobile application. Mobile Service Creation A mobile system which can be used to book appointments and also many more operations as mentioned in the transformation stage of process dimensions. Below picture shows the transformation which can be made by the suggestions given in the illustration in PABS. Picture 3: SB Model when improved with given suggestions for PABS REFLECT ON CURRENT SITUATION Currently Learning of Life University (LLU) uses an electronic student record to keep track of all the new and continuing students and their details including their degree and modules, attendance record and academic performance i.e. results of the modules they study; which seems to be an old method when compared with the current technologies in the market. Coming to the teaching, learning and assessment part LLU provides notes and assessment online but it will still need the tutors and students to use a traditional computer which will acquire space and also people will need a particular device to use the resources. Now towards the asset management and tracking of university resources; LLU uses field staff to keep track of the device usage by seeing the usage logs of devices which is a very old method of doing when we have new softwares and sensor devices to do that such as logging software RFID sensors and many more whose data can be accessed by using a mobile device. Almost all the tasks done by university administration staff is very manual related to keeping track of student records, university assets such as computers, library books etc. So, as a consultant we can represent the current situation of LLU in SB Model as shown below for the above discussed 3 areas. Picture 4: LLUs Current situation with all three areas Why the company thinks that LLU lies in the above-mentioned area with considering all three areas of study is because all three areas do not have a mobile system where in the students, tutors, administrators or the field staff could do their work without being location independent. WHY MOVE TO MOBILE AND ITS IMPACTS As a consultant company, we would like to suggest LLU to use Cloud Computing (CC) which provides educators and learners to access resources form anywhere and at any time. The main advantage of this is that it is low cost for implementation and its infrastructure for LLU. The rapid changes in e-learning technologies are not being adopted by education institutions due to the infrastructure limitations which are being avoided due to the high cost to use multimedia content which also includes the institutions resources and a tutors skills in using a e-learning platform. So, as a consultant company we would like to tell you the advantages and future potential of moving to mobile e-learning platform which includes CC as well which is of low cost. Mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets etc. can make great benefit of the resources available on cloud. And mobile devices enable the users to access resources such as notes, presentations, assessment guidelines, lectures, tutorials, information about seminars, lab sessions etc. anytime and anyplace. A mobile application will enable the users to access the resources, download it to their mobile device, which will access the cloud when required later, and it makes it easy for students and other staff of LLU as they can use technologies like WiFi or LTE or 3G. It is also to be noted that it would be a big transformation to LLU as well; as CC is a disruptive technology and it will impact education in a very positive manner when utilized. The most important positive impacts when moved to a mobile system with cloud are as follows (Veerabhadram Conradie, 2013). An application on cloud can be used by any number of mobile devices irrespective of the mobile service provider or phone. University can avoid the hassle of maintaining the servers and it will be easy for the LLU to scale the application as well and it could concentrate only on the development of a mobile system to access the cloud resources. Mobile devices may not have the space required on the device to keep all the resources required so CC can provide good functionality and also determine what data a device can access. Mobile devices can be lost or damaged or stolen, but having a cloud infrastructure data can be preserved, as the data is stored on cloud rather than a device or server. Some of the characteristics of cloud learning are as follows (Wang W.P. Ng, 2012). Universal accessibility As long as one has internet access via a mobile, tablet, PC, or even TV, Students can study. As all the data, applications, softwares run on servers in cloud it opens to new possibilities to provide low-cost terminal access to everyone. Collaborative interactions From continuous interactions with tutors and fellow students, students can build their knowledge as they can co-operate in cloud anywhere, anytime. Sharing and Storing Documents on cloud can be edited commonly via services like Google Docs, Dropbox, office Live, sky drive and share the same on a cloud server. And cloud also allows to store unlimited data in its storage. Learner Centred -ÂÂ   Students can select the resources they need from cloud and keep track of their progress as well as cloud is learner centric and individual learner needs are met. As a consultant company, we would like to give a 4 stage Cloud based learning model for LLU based on analysing the three areas of importance (Wang W.P. Ng, 2012). Learning stage How students learn has evolved from traditional class room to e-Learning to mobile Learning. With this evolution, intelligent learning systems have been developed to support many ways of learning such as e-Books, Audio Books, Video lessons etc. So, at the end of the day it is the choice of the student to pick the mode they want. And to store all these types of resources a smart cloud would be helpful. Communication or Interaction stage for a student to learn something, interaction is very important and it also is very important in mobile learning. It would require instructor and peer collaboration and guidance to stay on track. Cloud based system will also provide a forum where students can interact with their tutors and fellow students where they can share their learning, asking some FAQs and these questions and answers will be stored in a cloud database which can be easily searchable. Assessment Stage This is one of the important stage in a learning process. It ensures that a student has learnt the module and also its outcomes. In the old traditional class room learning; assessment can be done only via a test where as a mobile environment enables various means to assess the learning objectives and outcomes of a student with methods like report-writing, producing an artefact etc., through which a student can be assessed and be helped with their learning outcomes. Analysis Stage With the usual class room it will be impossible to analyse a students performance for tutors and recommend them with an appropriate learning materials or methods. A cloud based mobile class room can be used to get statistical analysis of learning outcomes and suggest appropriate learning materials and methods. An analysis of learning methods, styles, activities and behaviours can be done by the tutor to recommend an individual student a proper learning method. The next problem to solve would be for the administrators to do their jobs, by them being connected to the cloud database of students being enrolled to LLU the administrators need not stick to one place they can move around the entire campus with their mobile device to solve the queries of every student related to their university admissions and many more. The final problem is of asset management and tracking, as said already that the cloud can store unlimited data, so it will be easy to link LLUs assets to the cloud database and keep track of all the logs and usage statistics and also keep track which use uses which device the more or moreover which asset is more in demand. Now, lets discus how the recommended idea from the consultant company underpins the SB Model with respect to its dimensions and stages of mobility. Mobility As the recommended system is cloud and can be used in any device at any point of time and from any place without location dependence the recommended system would be in Remote stage. Process With the change to cloud tutors, students and administrators can use any device, from any place and at any time to carry out their daily task and it is a big transformation for all. Market With all the changes being made by moving to mobile by creating a new service with a great value a wireless device can be used by students to study, tutors to answer questions and administrators to do their job form anywhere, anytime, anyplace. RISKS AND ISSUES Many of the big business companies such as Google and Microsoft are offering free cloud services for educational institutions which gets rid of commercial risk. So, there wouldnt be any commercial risk but LLU has to maintain the cloud which comes with a price. Legal, social and ethical issue would be related to securing personal data of the users as it is cloud and security of data is one of the big concern. Strong user authentication system would be a solution for securing user data. Picture 5: Basic Structure of the recommended Cloud based structure(Erel, 2014) Picture 4 shows the Mobile computing architecture with variety of devices which can be used by anyone related to the university to access the university resources via any device of their choice. Providing a proxy for all the mobile devices one can use as shown in Picture 4 such as a laptop, smartphone, tablet is the main goal of the architecture proposed for mobile CC for LLU. Picture 6: Mobile CC Architecture(filipdevelter, 2015) (Cloud services, cloud computing, cloud solutions Mumbai, India, 2016) Picture 5 gives an overview of the architecture of the mobile CC platform and also clouds main features. We can say that the mobile CC consists of three main parts, mobile client i.e. the device we use to access the cloud data, middleware which is responsible to provide access to cloud based on device used and it is also responsible to give instant updates of services to mobile devices and the cloud services. Minimizing the limitations of present e-Learning in LLU by utilizing the proposed mobile CC system is the main focus, which utilizes all the advantages CC can offer. LLU can use the CC for education which provides all requirements to process and store data, all data needed by students is provided by the cloud, and mobile CC allows the user to use device of their own choice as shown in the picture below. Picture 7: Mobile Cloud Computing architecture for Education(Veerabhadram Conradie, 2013) LAYERS IN CLOUD LEARNING SYSTEM Information Infrastructure and teaching resources forms the infrastructure layer and it contains internet, software, hardware as shown in Picture 6. It is the lowest layer in the cloud system, CPU is present in this layer i.e. the server. New hosts can be added to enhance the system as the system is scalable and dynamic. Picture 7 depicts it clearly (Masud Huang, 2012). Picture 8: Proposed Infrastructure layer Software(s/w) layer consists of the operating system of the cloud system and the middleware. Numerous software resources can be integrated into the middleware to provide an interface for s/w developers to develop applications and embed them in cloud for users to use. Resource layer achieves the coupling of software and hardware. On-demand and s/w for various devices can be integrated by virtualization and CC. Service layer consists of 3 layers, SaaS (Software as a service), PaaS (Platform as a service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a service). SaaS is the best as it need not be maintained or upgraded, its just pay monthly. Application layer is where the teaching resources are integrated in cloud which also includes interactive courses. BENEFITS OF CLOUD ARCHITECTURE High Storage capacity Computing power High availability security Virtualisation Managing and delivering resources from Cloud is one of the most compelling paradigm over the internet. Utility computing has been turned into reality by the rise in CC. Current economic situation and increase in Educational resources have made universities to adopt CC and also there are proofs that the expenses are decreasing due to cloud solutions. References (2016) Cloud services, cloud computing, cloud solutions Mumbai, India [online] Available from: http://www.comprompt.co.in/services/cloud-services/. [Accessed: 4 December 2016]. EREL, O. (2014) Important concepts of cloud computing Middleware architecture [online] Available from: http://saasaddict.walkme.com/important-concepts-cloud-computing-middleware-architecture/. [Accessed: 4 December 2016]. FILIPDEVELTER (2015) Back-up maken [online] Available from: http://www.neonomen.be/2015/10/26/een-back-up-is-niet-genoeg/. [Accessed: 4 December 2016]. HAOLIANG, W. et al. (2010) The Application of ID Authentication Safety System in Campus Mobile Education. International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling. 13. pp. 519-522. MASUD, A. HOSSAIN HUANG, X. (2012) An E-learning System Architecture based on Cloud Computing. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 6. ÃÆ'-STLUND, S., PANCHENKO, A. ENGEL, T. (2015) A study on ethical aspects and legal issues in e-learning. International Conference on e-Learning. pp. 280-286. SCORNAVACCA, E. BARNES, S. J. (2008) The strategic value of enterprise mobility: Case study insights. Information Knowledge Systems Management. 7. pp. 227-241. VEERABHADRAM, P. CONRADIE, P. (2013) Mobile Cloud Framework Architecture for Education Institutions. Science and Information Conference. pp. 924-927. WANG, M. W.P. NG, J. (2012) Intelligent Mobile Cloud Education. IEEE Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Environments. pp. 149-156.

Ode to a Nightingale and Two Look at Two Essay -- Keats Frost Animals

Ode to a Nightingale and Two Look at Two In "Ode to a Nightingale" and "Two Look at Two", both poems tells of an experience in which the human characters encounters animals in the poems, the experiences are handled quite differently in the two poems. In "Ode to a Nightingale", Keats often express his sad feelings and uses the Nightingale and portray it as some sort of a god or peaceful symbol. As the poem started off with Keats expressing how drunk the character was and that as if he has taken some drugs - hemlock, and that he wanted so much to drink more so that he can enter this world in which this Nightingale is in. Keats shows a kind of experience that is not very realistic / not real, or another word - like a dream, and very imaginative. For example the character is seeing things that does not actually happens, but things that the character is imagining, or what he thinks, like when he heard the beautiful song of the Nightingale, he started to think that he might be able to enter the same world as the Nightingale's. One other very important thing is that Keats use animals to express his deepest feelings, and using the experience with the animals to show and remind himself of his past and the present sad, sorrow feelings, as shown on this 3 sentences: "Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, an dies, Where but to think is to be full of sorrow And leaden-eyed despairs," One of the reasons to why he wrote like this is probably because he was very unhappy at the time, and seeing most of his brother, relative dieing around him, not only that he is also suffering at the time himself, therefore these might be some of the reason why he wrote such a miserable poem. To connect with this... ...ritory between the animal and the humans, for example the wall acts as a boundary which separates the two different species apart, where the experience is in the real world but not in the dream of a man and the human in this is therefore unable to come to the animal as the man did in Keats poem with the Nightingale. Keats and Frost both uses and handle their experience in the poem very differently from each other, as described above. And Keats has his own imagination poems, where as Frost's is a much more direct approach and where the characters are in the real world, and things are not as relaxing as it seems as in Keats's. Frost uses of personification allows the reader to understand the animals a lot more, and where as Keats, the Nightingale is singing its heart out, but we do not know why it flies away and what was its motive through out the poem. Ode to a Nightingale and Two Look at Two Essay -- Keats Frost Animals Ode to a Nightingale and Two Look at Two In "Ode to a Nightingale" and "Two Look at Two", both poems tells of an experience in which the human characters encounters animals in the poems, the experiences are handled quite differently in the two poems. In "Ode to a Nightingale", Keats often express his sad feelings and uses the Nightingale and portray it as some sort of a god or peaceful symbol. As the poem started off with Keats expressing how drunk the character was and that as if he has taken some drugs - hemlock, and that he wanted so much to drink more so that he can enter this world in which this Nightingale is in. Keats shows a kind of experience that is not very realistic / not real, or another word - like a dream, and very imaginative. For example the character is seeing things that does not actually happens, but things that the character is imagining, or what he thinks, like when he heard the beautiful song of the Nightingale, he started to think that he might be able to enter the same world as the Nightingale's. One other very important thing is that Keats use animals to express his deepest feelings, and using the experience with the animals to show and remind himself of his past and the present sad, sorrow feelings, as shown on this 3 sentences: "Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, an dies, Where but to think is to be full of sorrow And leaden-eyed despairs," One of the reasons to why he wrote like this is probably because he was very unhappy at the time, and seeing most of his brother, relative dieing around him, not only that he is also suffering at the time himself, therefore these might be some of the reason why he wrote such a miserable poem. To connect with this... ...ritory between the animal and the humans, for example the wall acts as a boundary which separates the two different species apart, where the experience is in the real world but not in the dream of a man and the human in this is therefore unable to come to the animal as the man did in Keats poem with the Nightingale. Keats and Frost both uses and handle their experience in the poem very differently from each other, as described above. And Keats has his own imagination poems, where as Frost's is a much more direct approach and where the characters are in the real world, and things are not as relaxing as it seems as in Keats's. Frost uses of personification allows the reader to understand the animals a lot more, and where as Keats, the Nightingale is singing its heart out, but we do not know why it flies away and what was its motive through out the poem.

Compare and Contrast Essay on Mac vs. PC Essay

In the technological world, there has been a raging debate on the Mac and PC – which is better in terms of user friendly, cost, and reliability among others. There are various similarities, as well as differences between the two computers. When looking for an ideal computer, every user needs to look at some factors such as the PC’s price, technical characteristics, and more so what one really needs in a computer. From the outlook of things, the Mac and PC have the basic foundations of a computer which has the keyboard, monitor, and mouse. Both the Mac and PC are compatible with handheld devices. Unlike the past when PCs were more prone to viruses and malware, the Mac is also prone to such. To protect both devices from malicious attacks, they are both safe to use after installation of updated anti-virus software. Both can be used by home owners and businessmen. They can be customized to a client’s preference; they both have voice commands, maps, and use the mouse and keyboard as their interface. Despite these similarities, there are striking differences between them. The Mac is known to use OSX as its main operating system. However, unlike PC which just uses the Microsoft Windows as it main operating system, Mac can run on both operating systems, thus has a wider compatibility, what makes Mac the only computer that can run on a variety of major operating systems. The PC is more dominant in the workplace, unlike the Mac which is for the elite and large corporation owners. PC owners have a wider range of choices for repairs on their devices, unlike Mac users who are limited to certain stores; in addition, PCs users have a range of different manufactures and distributors to choose from. The PC is manufactured by various companies such as HP, Dell, Lenovo, Acer, Samsung, and Toshiba among others, while Mac is only manufactured by Apple Inc. Read Also:  Compare and Contrast Essay Topics for College Students In terms of cost, Macs are more expensive than PCs. Moreover, Macs have limited memory with most ranging from 1 GB to 4 GB while PCs have a higher memory capacity which ranges from 2 GB to 8 GB. This is the same case when it comes to the hard drives, whereby Macs are smaller than the PCs. In terms of software, Macs are more compatible with a variety of soft wares, unlike PCs which mainly support and are compatible with Windows friendly software. PCs are great for home use and can easily be  used by children doing their school work. Macs are great for computer programmers and other people more knowledgeable in the computer industry. Finally, for game lovers, PC is the best choice, since it has an array of games unlike the Mac. In conclusion it should be noted that both Mac and PC are reliable and user friendly. The most important factor for its users is the compatibility, availability, and stability. All in all, when it comes to choosing between the Mac and the PC, for most users it is about personal preference, since with technological advancement, most challenges within both are effectively addressed. However, one major striking difference between the two is that Macs are designed for lovers of technology, while PCs are designed for anyone who needs to use a computer at school, work or home because they are more affordable, efficient, and compatible. Therefore, in this technological world, finding the right computer that meets one’s needs and wants is the key towards success.

A Fair Punishment

Alex Mueller Professor Goff Writing 122 19 February 2013 A Fair Punishment On the morning of April 21st, 2009, my biology teacher gave me, and the rest of the class, some terrible news. She told us that my high school classmate and friend, Major Washington, had been killed in a car accident the previous night. I later learned that Major, and his mother Sylvia Porter, had been hit by a drunk driver on their way to return a movie. The man behind the wheel was driving with a suspended license, and his blood-alcohol level was at . 8, which is three times the legal limit. This was not his first drunk driving offense. Suspending someone’s license on their first drunk driving offense is not a strong enough punishment. I believe that this tragedy could have been avoided if this man was in a place where he could not drink, and in a place where he could not get behind the wheel of a car. In order to avoid tragedies like this one, drunk drivers should be imprisoned on their first offense for one year. The opposition may argue that prison is meant for criminals only.Sending someone to prison, after they made one mistake, is wrong. A first time offender of driving while under the influence does not belong in prison. Prison is a place for those who have been charged with a serious criminal offense. This is true to a certain extent. However, drunk driving is a dangerous and deadly behavior no what offense it is. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration suggests the stiffer penalties for first-time high-BAC (blood alcohol content) offenders should be comparable to those applied to repeat offenders (NCSL 8). Associated essay: †Shame is Worth a Try† SummaryThese penalties include longer license suspension terms, longer prison sentences, higher fines, installation of an ignition interlock, and treatment for alcohol abuse (NCSL 8). The NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) recognizes the seriousness of impaired driving. Drivers with high blood alcohol content are at a greater risk of car accidents, injuries, and even death. Stricter penalties must be implemented. A first time offender should not be put into prison for what can legitimately be called a mistake. Whether it’s a first time offender, second, or even third time offender, they are all equally dangerous.When the argument arises that a person should not be imprisoned on their first offense of drunk driving, I simply ask the question: what if they get into an accident? If the accident results in the death of another person, that first time offender is going to prison for a long time. He or she does not belong in prison if they managed to get pulled over and arrested, but does that same person belong in prison if they hit and kill someone? According to the law, they do. If a person kills someone while driving under the influence, it is not going to matter what offense it is, they are going to prison.Imprisonment on the first offense of drunk driving will help to diminish the amount of â€Å"mistakes† people continuously make when they choose to get behind the wheel of a car. People may argue that first time offenders are able to get into treatment because they are more willing to plead to it, when they’re not going to be convicted of a crime. David J. Hanson, Ph. D. supports treatment by saying â€Å"providing effective treatment is essential to reducing hardcore drunk driving because, regardless of the punishment imposed, offenders will eventually begin driving again.The only way to prevent offenders from drinking and driving is treatment that brings about fund amental changes in behavior. † I believe that treatment can work to an extent, but it primarily depends on the person. It may work for some people, but not for all. By implementing the law of imprisonment on the first offense of drunk driving, a message will be sent that behavior of that nature will not be tolerated, and there will be no second chances. I believe that the fear of imprisonment can ultimately help decrease drunk-driving statistics.According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in 2010, more than 10,000 people died in alcohol-impaired driving crashes. In 2011, 9,878 people were killed in alcohol-impaired crashes. The numbers have steadily decreased, but not enough. By establishing a law that says first time offenders of drunk driving shall be imprisoned for one year, fatalities and arrests will decrease even more. I believe that the fear of being imprisoned will also help decrease drunk driving statistics.Putting someone in prison will make he o r she realize the mistake they made, and that they do not belong in that kind of environment. According to the NHTSA, alcohol-impaired motor vehicle crashes cost more than an estimated 37 billions dollars annually. By implementing this law, expenses related to drunk driving crashes can also decrease over time. When pulled over for driving drunk, drivers should be imprisoned on the first offense for one year. If this law were implemented, alcohol-impaired related deaths would decrease, as would the amount of arrests.Tragedies like the one that involved my friend, would be avoided. Suspending a person’s license is not a strong enough punishment because it does not ensure that he or she will not drive a car. The man in my story who caused the accident had a suspended license, yet he was still able to get behind the wheel of a car. The decision he made that night resulted in a haunting tragedy for many people. It would not have happened had he been put in prison on his first offe nse.