How Memory Works in Children with Aspergers Syndrome

How Memory Works in Children with Aspergers Syndrome Free Online Research Papers In the recent years Asperger’s syndrome has sparked the curiosity of many scientists studying Autism Spectrum Disorders. Multiple studies have been performed on patients with AS specifically focusing on their working memory. Working memory is a limited amount of information used over short periods of time to keep behavior continual and plan complex responses to stimuli. Working memory is a necessity to executive function. Asperger’s Syndrome interests me because; I have to care for several children with the syndrome this summer. The scientist observed and read other journals pertaining to the topic of Working Memory in AS patients. Many of the journals concluded to different theories. The scientists determined that the reasons for all of the different theories were the age and IQ differences among the participants in the studies. I agree that this is the determined problem in the other studies. He hypothesized that if the control group and independent variable group were consistently the same age and IQ that in working memory the AS children would do well in span tasks, n-back tasks, and digit conditions. The children would not do well in visual or spatial storage tasks, and location conditions. Also if the children could use verbal cues, they would do well in controls if they could not they would show impairment. In addition to the above the scientists hypothesized that working memory had a larger influence in abilities of AS children. The scientists chose children between the ages of 6.25 and 8.42. The 3 c hildren I care for are all in between the ages of 6 and 8. The study was done on children similar to the ones I interact with everyday. I believe that I truly understand the study because; I experience the children’s performance every day. I also would have probably hypothesized the same as the scientists because I easily see that the AS children I work with have a harder time with grasping visual tasks than understanding verbal tasks. The scientists used the AS children as the independent variable in the study and the normal children as the control group. They prepared eight different measures of working memory in the form of a test for the children. They proposed to the children that the tests were a form of a game so the children wouldn’t lose interest easily. The test was distributed in the hospital for the independent variable group and in a school for the control group. I feel that the scientist should have tested the children all in one room with a consistent te mperature. I think that the different environments affected the outcome of the study. Also, I believe that the children should have been told that it was a test so that they would have taken the measures seriously when completing them. The results showed that children with AS perform better with verbal tasks dealing with working memory than with visual/spatial tasks. The results supported the scientists hypotheses and proved that children with AS develop working memory differently than average children. With my experience I felt positive that this would be the outcome to this study. This article has interested and helped me in understanding the working memory development in the children I have been working with. I find this article mostly correct in all results. Research Papers on How Memory Works in Children with Asperger’s SyndromeEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneThree Concepts of PsychodynamicStandardized TestingNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfHip-Hop is ArtIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

How to Make Job Search Sites Work for You

How to Make Job Search Sites Work for You The Internet provides job seekers with an abundance of information about jobs that are currently available. Some online databases are immense. While this provides greater opportunity than job classifieds, the amount of time you might spend going from one job search site to another may be overwhelming. Improvising a plan to utilize the Internet to find a job is a solid decision. However, it is important to choose where you intend to look. Deciding on a job site that gives you what you need increases productivity. Why Use an Online Job Search Site?A primary reason for using an online job search site is the large quantity of jobs available for you to browse. This makes jobs in multiple fields and locations accessible. You are able to look for jobs at different levels from senior to entry levels, letting you target jobs for which you are qualified. Since the pay scale varies according to the job responsibilities and your qualifications, you will not undersell yourself. In addition, you w ill be able to preview jobs you might not have pursued before or look for positions in a different city or state.Important Aspects of the SearchDepending on the job search site, you might need to use keywords in your search. Choosing the right keyword is important, and some job search sites will offer advice on the way to do that. Being able to save searches and specific jobs is likewise important, since you might want to revisit each later.Choosing a Job Search SiteThere are basic questions you need to ask before you decide on one job search site over another. It is vital that a site is trustworthy and checking on a site before using it is a good idea. Making sure that the site updates their listings frequently ensures that you will not be applying for a job that has been filled. In addition, you might determine if using the site will fit in with the amount of time you have to spend. According to Forbes, looking for a full time job should take roughly 25 hours per week.Privacy Poli cyMaking sure that the job search site has a well-defined privacy policy is essential. Since you provide a good deal of information on your application and resume, you want to make sure the information will be protected. A job search site should clearly state its privacy policy for you to review before using it.Using TheJobNetworkTheJobNetwork offers a comprehensive plan for finding a job. You can search using a browse feature and apply for jobs as you find them, or you can upload your resume. In addition, the network searches for jobs on a 24-hour basis, sends you an alert when one is available using skills and preferences you provide and ranks the job according to its match level.When you fill out an online profile at TheJobNetwork, you provide your email address, any demographics you wish to list as well as skills and job qualifiers. You need not list your name or contact information. This allows for anonymity while using the search site and helps to protect your information. How ever, when you fill out an application for a specific job, you will need to provide the employer with your contact information. The more skills and preferences you list, the greater likelihood your search will be successful. As your information updates, you can modify your profile.TheJobNetwork makes it convenient to look for a job online, saves time, matches your search to available jobs, and sends an email alert. Using this strategy widens your job search base and can help you find the best job for you.

Why don't we prove results in social research Essay

Why don't we prove results in social research - Essay Example However, it is different from scientific research. In order to prove the results of research there are certain elements that must exist. In science, the basic research elements are observation, description, prediction, control, falsification, and causal explanation. Descriptions should be reliable and repeatable. In social research, however, if the same study were conducted by another researcher in another place, the descriptions would not be the same. This is also true of falsification. Falsification is the ability to rule out all other possibilities, rather than merely accepting the results. Since humans are unique in nature, the chances of disproving the results of many social research cases by conducting another study using different subjects would be strong. Instead of looking to rule out possibilities, a social researcher looks to find all the possibilities that explain a certain behavior. In addition, as societies grow and change, the results of social research will also continue to change. The social sciences are not concrete like the natural sciences. They are evolving. They rely on interpretations and ideas, rather than hard facts. For these reasons, social research is not something that can be proved. It is very important that social research methods take measures to maintain a level of trust between the research

Drug Allergy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drug Allergy - Essay Example tion, the patient developed signs of a re-infection with new right lower lobe infiltrate and the fever did not resolve despite empiric antibiotic therapy for 48 hours on the same antibiotics. Ans to Q1: After 4 days of discontinuation of the antibiotics, the patient became tachypnoeic with a rise in the neutrophil count and a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit and appearance of a pulmonary infiltrate. It is clear that the initial therapeutic course was uneventful. Although the patient has a history of childhood penicillin allergy, no penicillin drug was utilized at this illness, and therefore, it can be taken for granted that there was no previous exposure at this illness, and it has appeared following several treatment days. These allergic drug reactions usually subside after discontinuation of the drug. The only point against this diagnosis is absence of peripheral blood eosinophilia (Van Arsdel, Jr., 1982). This reaction can be classified as unpredictable reaction since it is evident that this happened in a dose-independent fashion without any relation to the pharmacological action of these agents. This could be one of the three, idiosyncratic reactions, allergic reactio ns, or pseudoallergic reactions. Thus following discontinuation of the drugs, there is a possibility of development of development of drug specific IgE antibodies which night have been responsible for nonspecific mast cell release. However, in this patient, as it looks like it is a drug fever with organ specific reactions that may indicate a multifactorial origin. Due to this allergic reaction, the patient developed pneumonitis, and there is immense possibility that the renal failure that continued is actually enhancement of baseline renal failure on which renal reactions of drug allergy had been superimposed. Most probably these drugs could have produced univalent chemical compounds as a result of phase I reactions, and these might have been activated to trigger the immune response with

Walden by Henry David Thoreau Essay Example for Free

Walden by Henry David Thoreau Essay No doubt, the great Henry David Thoreau was born in Concord, Massachusetts on July 12, 1817 and died there calmly on May 6, 1862. He was explained by Hawthorne as ugly as sin. He appreciated nature, and his steady worry was exploring the woods and ponds making full observations of plants and creatures. Henry led a remarkable life, never marrying, and marching to his own drummer, as he put it. From 1845 to 1847, he lived unaccompanied in a little cabin he built by Walden Pond near Concord. He explain this sole trial in natural living in Walden criticizing those who lead lives of quiet desperation by all the trappings of usual society. His personal self-government and simple manner was harsh to a number of people, and he gained very little credit throughout his lifetime. Henry David Thoreau was jailed for refusing to pay his poll-tax because he did not believe he should be part of a government which allowed the holding of slaves and invaded other countries (Mexico) with a standing army. An unknown person paid his poll-tax and he was released from jail. Thoreau would have preferred to remain jailed and had others join him in his refusal. If others had joined him, based on their consciences he believes this could have caused the minority to force the majority to do the right thing. I know this well, that if one thousand, if one hundred, if ten men whom I could name if ten honest men only yes, if one HONEST man ceasing to hold slaves withdrew from the copartner-ship, and be locked up in the county jail therefore, it would be the abolition of slavery in America (Thoreau, Disobedience 317). Summary of His Book Today a majority of high school students do not read books because it is considered boring, and with todays technology, you dont have to read, something else will do it for you. People who dont read often judge a book by its cover. It is not all books that are as dull as their readers. Thoreau said this quote because people often judge books without knowing about the book, in this case, the book would not be dull but the person saying it is will be. In the chapter Reading, Thoreau said, To read well, that is, to read true books in a true spirit, is a noble exercise, and one that will task the reader more than any exercise which the customs of the day esteem. It requires training such as the athletes underwent the steady intention almost of the whole life to this object. This quote is very important because Thoreau is saying that reading is not an easy task, but it also requires lots of practice and training just as athletes undergo. Throughout the chapter of Reading, Thoreau states how everyone should read books, and if we dont, we could end up being like pygmies and manikins. No wonder that Alexander carried the Iliad with him on his expeditions in a precious casket. (Thoreau, Walden) In the chapter Solitude, Thoreau explains how being by yourself is not at all a bad thing. But for the most part it is as solitary where I live as on the prairies. It is as much Asia or Africa as New England, I have, as it were, my own sun and moon and stars, and a little world all to myself. Thoreau didnt look at solitude as being something bad or a punishment, he looked at it as if it were a gift. When he said that he had his own little world all to himself, it made me think different about whenever I am alone. I used to think of solitude as something that was bad, but the way that Thoreau put it, I now felt better about being all by me. In the chapter Visitors, Thoreau talks about how having people around are just as good as being in solitude. I had three chairs in my house; one for solitude, two for friendship, three for society. When visitors came in larger and unexpected numbers there was but the third chair for them all, but they generally economized the room by standing up. I think that when Thoreau said that he wanted to keep things as simple as possible, he meant it. For example, he only had 3 chairs in his house, and to most people that would be crazy, but when you think about it, how many chairs do you actually need? Or how many rooms do you need? Thoreau also said that it was amazing how he could fit 25-30 people in his tiny house, and how that brought him and all of his visitors closer together. I could not but notice some of the peculiarities of my visitors. Girls and boys and young women generally seemed glad to be in the woods. They looked in the pond and at the flowers, and improved their time. (Samuel Taylor Coleridge) Walden by Henry David Thoreau is an important book for a high school student to read because it has important factors of life that may be needed now, or in you future. In this book, Thoreau explained many things, but I think the most important thing he explained were his chapters on Reading, Solitude, and Visitors. He explained the importance and necessity of reading, he showed how being alone is usually a good thing, and he also showed how great visitors can be. These are all reasons why I think high school students should read Walden. Conclusion Thoreau wrote a lot of stories, one counting Walden. This story clearly portrayed Thoreaus love for nature and life. Thoreau, in the primary part, defines what he sees as the main difficulty of his time. In the second part, Thoreau describes his own trial in living an easy life. Part three focuses on what is significant to him. In this case, Nature is most significant to him, believing nature of learn as a spiritual pursuit. The entire story of Walden is just a trial of a man in living well. Henry D. Thoreau also wrote Resistance which was about him refusing to pay a poll tax. He was in prison and imprisoned in agreement for one night in 1846 for default of his poll tax. This act of disobedience was a complaint against slavery and alongside the Mexican War, which Thoreau and other abolitionists regard as a means to get bigger the slave territory. Self-reliance and personal independence are hallmarks which are predominant in Walden. Thoreau went to the woods to get to the most basic facts of life and to appreciate and enjoy everything about these most basic facts. Thoreau viewed the woods in particular, and nature in general, as a teacher of life and living. Thoreau believed that the simpler his life became the greater his opportunity to appreciate life. Thoreau did not want to allow society to determine that which he knew as life. To live an existence based on the common experience of others would be as to neglect ones own experience. Individualism and an appreciation for nature and solitude do not necessarily mean living as a hermit. Thoreau believed that in order to truly appreciate life, to understand and experience life as ones own life, it is necessary to quiet the mind of all the surrounding trappings of society. Individualism, the importance of the individual, self-reliance, and personal independence is one of the leading characteristics of the era of Romanticism. Henry David Thoreau wrote about individualism and demonstrated his belief by the way he lived. Living at Walden Pond, standing up to his government, refusing to pay a poll-tax to a government with which he viewed as corrupt are examples of his fierce independence and individuality. Thoreau is a stellar example of what individuality can produce. A worthy goal is to make the effort to devote oneself to thought and work, to in fact nurture ones own individuality, rather than becoming lost in the mainstream of life. This will allow greater individuality and diversity to complement our current day society. References Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Collected Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, gen. ed. Kathleen Coburn, 14 vols. to date (Princeton: Princeton UP, 1969) 6: 30. Thoreau, Walden, the Writings of Henry David Thoreau 199. All additional citations from Walden will come from this edition and be designated by a page number in parentheses.

I Never Promised You a Rose Garden by Joanne Greenberg Essay example --

I Never Promised You a Rose Garden by Joanne Greenberg   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cold tone of this story starts out right in the beginning and her mother and father are quite distraught because of the daughter’s illness and the fact that they must trust the doctors; they seem to not trust anyone. They even told their own family that Deborah is at convalescent school, not a mental institution. Of course the time period of the book is much earlier than now so it is more understandable why they were upset. Hopefully parents now are less ignorant and would try and be proud of their child to willingly get help. It would be too harsh however to say that Deborah’s parents did not do the best that they could, they just did not even realize that their daughter was mentally sick. They didn’t even know that her peeing herself was the result of a tumor. I can say that the way that they treated her for that was wrong. At least they feel bad or that it is their fault. I think that much more of the blame needs to be placed on the par ents, contrary of what Dr. Fried stated. It is the responsibility of the parents to protect and nurture their children, not to physically punish what it not right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Fried is a nice women. It is interesting that she was in Nazi Germany. Deborah and her family are Jewish and I feel that this is an important tie. Dr. Fried in able to make progress with Deborah and gain her trust. Dr. Royson has to treat Deborah for awhile when D. Fried is away. He is a much colder person and seems more concerned with proving Deborah wrong than actually getting into her personality and mind frame the way Dr. Fried did. Most of the other people who work in the hospital seem like they are just there to do their job. Dr. Fried, however, seems to be genuinely concerned about her patients. For some reason, there end up being a few folks that inmates or patients constantly torment: Hobbs, who commits suicide, and Ellis, who replaces Hobbs. Deborah tells one of the orderlies that Hobbs and Ellis are just like the patients and that it were all the harassing comes from. MacPherson sets her straight by telling her that some people cannot afford to get help for their problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I found the other patients very intriguing. They were constantly changing, new one coming in, some getting well and leaving only to return later on. Deborah and another girl even escaped but the... ...d asked for the restraints to be prepared for her because another episode was coming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deborah’s internal will and her great perceptiveness was most likely the main reason she started to succeed. Dr. Fried’s relationship with her also played a large role in Deborah’s recovery. Living in the real world at Mrs. Kings and studying to pass the GED may seem like typical thing for most, but this was a huge accomplishment for Deborah. After the last psychotic episode, She wakes up and begins to study. She tells the gods of Yr that she is giving up Yr for good. They remind her of all of the pain that exists because of the â€Å"real world†. â€Å"Full weight,† she said.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think that Deborah is a smart person with a powerful imagination, who makes it through some very real problems. I feel that some of the blame should be directed towards the parents, but I also realize that they have their own problems. Also, this story takes place during a very different time than that we live in today. Hopefully, our society is educated to understand that sometimes there are situations above our own control. We then must look to the medical profession to provide answers to the questions we have.

Brown Tufted Capuchin

Brown Tufted Capuchins are New World primates from South America. They are one of the most widespread species of primates in the neotropics. Like other capuchins, these are social animals, forming groups of eight to ten individuals, and are led by a dominant male. The Tufted Capuchin is more powerfully built than the other capuchins, with rougher fur and a short, thick tail. In the wild they spend most of their time in trees. The goal of my study is to determine whether Brown Tufted Capuchins in zoos spend more time on the ground or off the ground.I did my observations on the Capuchin Troop, which is composed of 7 monkeys, 4 males and 3 females, ranging from the ages of 20 to 23 years old. Their enclosure contains different types of logs, ropes, boxes, rocks, and other materials that are part of their behavioral enrichment. Its measurements are 3. 81L, 3. 8W, 4. 57H and 8. 84L, 3. 8W, 4. 57H. Their diets consist of New World Monkey Chow and mixed vegetables. They are fed every mornin g before 10:30 a. m. and every afternoon after 2:30 p. m. My observations started on September 15th, 2010 and ended October 7th, 2010.I conducted them using the instantaneous sampling method, in which I recorded behaviors in three-minute intervals every 1 minute over an hour. I observed a different monkey every day, recorded every time it got on or off the ground and how much time they spent in each. After concluding my 30 hours of observations and carefully analyzing them, I determined that the capuchin troop spends more time on the ground than off the ground. They spent 10 hours, 31 minutes, and 29 seconds off the ground and 11 hours, 13 minutes, and 31 seconds on the ground. The results I obtained are much different than the ones I would have obtained doing observations in the wild. Although they spend much time foraging on the ground, Tufted Capuchins spend most of their time on trees.REFERENCES1. Article: Hass, M. , Buzzell, C. , Konick, A. J. , Phillips, K. A. 2003. â€Å"Soc ial learning and the acquisition of tool use in brown capuchin monkeys† The Ohio Journal of Science pA-7.2. Internet: Gron KJ. 2009 April 17. Primate Factsheets: Tufted capuchin (Cebus apella) Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology . . Accessed 2010 October 13. http://www. rollinghillswildlife. com/animals/c/capuchinbrowntufted/index. html

Importance of Meditation

What is meditation and what is it intended to accomplish? If you go to your doctor for stress related problems, she or he will likely tell you that perhaps the best treatment for stress is Meditation. So what is meditation? The word â€Å"meditation†, is derived from two Latin words: meditari (to think, to dwell upon, to exercise the mind) and mederi (to heal). Its Sanskrit derivation ‘medha' means wisdom. Meditation is a group of techniques that induce an altered state of focused attention and heightened awareness.Many years ago meditation was considered something just not meant for modern people, but now it has become very popular with all types of people. Published scientific and medical evidence has proved its benefits, but it still needs to be much understood. Various types of meditation that are recognized include transcendental meditation, prayer, Zen meditation, Taoist meditation, mindfulness meditation, and Buddhist meditation. Some methods of meditation may req uire the body being absolutely still or to be moved with controlled deliberation, while other types allow for free movement of the body.While the methods are different, the end goal of all types of meditation leads to a mind that is quieted, purified, and free from stress by the use of quiet contemplation and reflection. Meditation Categories. There are two general categories of meditation. Concentration techniques involve focusing awareness on a visual image, your breathing, a word, or a phrase. When a sound is used, it is typically a short word or a religious phrase, called a mantra, that is repeated mentally.The other one, called Opening-up techniques, involve a present-centered awareness of the passing moment, without mental judgment (Tart, 1994). Rather than concentrating on an object, sound, or activity, the meditator engages in quite awareness of the â€Å"here and now† without distracting thoughts. The zazen, or â€Å"just sitting†, technique of Zen Buddhism is a form of opening-up meditation. Effects of Meditation. Effects of meditation include physical, psychological, and spiritual effects.Some of physical effects include: Stabilizing blood pressure; lowering heart rate and respiratory rate; reducing stress hormones; improving mental functioning; improving brain wave coherence; improving the strength of the immune system. Some of psychological effects include: decreasing stress, anxiety, and depression; increasing joy of living; increasing positive emotions & attitude; increasing self-confidence; and increasing spiritual awareness. The spiritual effects of meditation include growing compassion; decreased sense of ego; unitive consciousness; self-realization and enlightenment.

Peter Pan Alice In Wonderland Essays

Peter Pan Alice In Wonderland Essays Peter Pan Alice In Wonderland Paper Peter Pan Alice In Wonderland Paper Essay Topic: Alice in Wonderland Lices Adventures in Wonderland Through the Looking Glass: Critique In Lewis Carols novel Lices Adventures in Wonderland Through the Looking Glass, the main character Alice transports into an incredible and fascinating world unlike any other. It has a twist on logic and messes with your mind, while bringing adults back to their childhood of imagination and creativity. Soon after Alice gets to this bonkers and unbalanced world she meets many strange creatures: A white rabbit who claims he is late for who knows what, a Caterpillar smoking a hookah, a Cheshire cat that comes and goes irregularly, the March Hare, the Mad Hatter, and a very tired dormouse that tends to fall asleep periodically. Alice makes friends with these extraordinary characters and enjoys some short adventures with them. Alice soon after meets the King and Queen. The Queen, who is difficult to please, screeches her trademark phrase Off with his head! which she blasted at the slightest dissatisfaction with a subject. Later on Alice is in court as a witness, but displeases the King and Queen by not obeying orders. The Queen shouts her well- now line Off with her head! And the playing cards are sent to attack. Then Alice is awoken by her sister for tea. It was all a dream, yet it felt so real? This book makes us think, imagine, and believe in mad and crazy ideas. Uniform entirely bonkers, but let me tell you a secret: All the best people are. Peter Pan: Critique Peter Pan is a well-known and beloved story written by J. M. Barrier to tell of a wonderful world whe re you never grow up! Seems like the perfect place right? Well that is what Wendy, John, and Michael thought when the heard of this magical place. Peter lures them out and helps them to fly across the London sky. He tells them, Second to your right, and straight on till morning! Once they get there, the three children meet the Lost Boys who have been there for countless years. Everyone has an enjoyable time and sees many marvelous things. Soon though that entertaining time is put to a halt when the Lost Boys and Wendy brothers are taken by Indians. While this happens, Wendy is taken by the greedy and nasty pirate Captain Hook. The next chapters included deceit and trickery. Peter and Hook have a battle and free the Lost Boys, Wendy, John, and Michael. Peter becomes captain of the ship and takes the Darlings home. Peter Pan has and will always be a mix of adventures and fantasy. For adults it tells them about the inevitable loss of childhood. It shows there will always be a fight between yourself: Your youth (Peter Pan) and your darkness (Captain Hook). Do not take your childhood for granted, cherish every moment and if you are past that, make sure those around you do so. Peter Pan Alice In Wonderland By cheerleader

Qing Dynasty, Chinas Last Imperial Family

Qing Dynasty, China's Last Imperial Family Chinas last imperial family, the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), was ethnically Manchu rather than Han Chinese, the vast majority of the nations population.  The dynasty emerged in Manchuria, northern China, in 1616 under the leadership of Nurhaci of the Aisin Gioro clan.  He renamed his people the Manchu; they were previously known as the Jurchen.  The Manchu dynasty took control of Beijing in 1644 with the fall of the Ming Dynasty.  Their conquest of the rest of China ended only in 1683, under the famed Kangxi Emperor. Fall of the Ming Dynasty Ironically, a Ming general who had formed an alliance with the Manchu army invited them into Beijing in 1644.  He wanted their assistance in ousting an army of rebellious peasants led by Li Zicheng, who had captured the Ming capital and were trying to set up a new dynasty in accordance with the tradition of the Mandate of Heaven, the divine source of authority for China’s early kings and emperors.  After they reached Beijing and evicted the Han Chinese peasant army, the Manchu leaders decided to stay and create their own dynasty rather than restore the Ming. The Qing Dynasty assimilated some Han ideas, such as using the civil service exam system to promote capable bureaucrats.  They also imposed some Manchu traditions on the Chinese, such as requiring men to wear their hair in the long braid, or queue.  However, the Manchu ruling class held themselves apart from their subjects in many ways.  They never intermarried with Han women, and Manchu noblewomen did not bind their feet.  Even more than the Mongol rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, the Manchus largely stayed separate from the greater Chinese civilization. Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries This separation proved a problem in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as the western powers and Japan began to impose themselves increasingly on the Middle Kingdom.  The Qing were unable to stop the British from importing massive amounts of opium into China, a move intended to create Chinese addicts and shift the balance of trade in the UKs favor.  China lost both Opium Wars of the mid-19th century- the first with Britain and the second with Britain and France- and had to make embarrassing concessions to the British. As the century wore on and Qing China weakened, other countries, including France, Germany, the U.S., Russia, and even former tributary state Japan, made increasing demands for trade and diplomatic access.  This sparked a wave of anti-foreigner sentiment in China encompassing not only the invading western traders and missionaries  but also the Qing emperors themselves.  In 1899-1900, it exploded into the Boxer Rebellion, which initially targeted the Manchu rulers as well as other foreigners.  Empress Dowager Cixi eventually was able to convince Boxer leaders to ally with the regime against the foreigners, but once more, China suffered a humiliating defeat. The defeat of the Boxer Rebellion was the death knell for the Qing Dynasty.  It limped on until 1911, when the Last Emperor, the child ruler Puyi, was deposed.  China descended into the Chinese Civil War, which was interrupted by the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II and continued until the Communists victory in 1949. Qing Emperors This list of Qing emperors shows their birth names, imperial names where applicable, and years of rule: Nurhaci, 1616-1636Huang Taiji, 1626-1643Dorgon, 1643-1650Fulin, Shunzhi Emperor, 1650-1661Xuanye, Kangxi Emperor, 1661-1722Yinzhen, Yongzheng Emperor, 1722-1735Hongli, Qianlong Emperor, 1735-1796Yongyan, Jiaqing Emperor, 1796-1820Minning, Daoguang Emperor, 1820-1850Yizhu, Xianfeng Emperor, 1850-1861Zaichun, Tongzhi Emperor, 1861-1875Zaitian, Guangxu Emperor, 1875-1908Puyi, Xuantong Emperor, 1908-1911

Developing Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Developing Leadership - Term Paper Example This means that training is necessary in developing leadership competencies (Conger, 1993). Every individual has the capacity to develop their own leadership skills. However, achieving this is not rosy and requires one to be focused, practical and persistent. These are illustrated using the leadership ideas and traits discussed hereunder. Leadership Ideas A good leader must have leadership ideas for an organization or business to succeed. This calls for responsibility which sometimes calls for one to piss people off according to Powell. Powell asserts that good leadership entails being responsible for the general welfare of the team. This means that not everybody will be pleased by all the decisions and actions of a leader. Sometimes, people get furious and angry with the leader for the decisions that they make (Powell, n.d.). In this respect, a leader should learn to act honorably. Powell compares getting everyone to like the leader’s stand with mediocrity. This means that, a s a leader, one will have to face tough decisions, avoid confrontation with people who are supposed to be confronted, and refrain from giving rewards based on performance since some workers may get upset. When a leader tries to impress everyone, he/she ends up annoying individuals who are the most creative and productive in the organization. Therefore, as a leader, one must sometimes piss people off under his leadership for the organization to succeed. Powell also cautions leaders to be wary of those under their leadership who stop engaging them in decision making or reporting problems. He notes that this is a sign of leadership failure (Powell, n.d.). As such, it is necessary for leaders to give room for communication and consultations by removing barrier that may hinder juniors from airing out their views. He goes ahead to assert that real leaders make themselves available and accessible. They also recognize the efforts and problems facing underlings since even they demand high st andards. Powell notes that creating a barrier in an organization does no good and leads to the organization’s failure. Therefore, a good leader should create an atmosphere where problem analysis overrides blame. Powell reveals that leaders should never be buffaloed by elites and experts (Powell, n.d.). This is because experts tend to posses more knowledge than judgment. Elites, on the other hand, become congenital to an extent that they create hemophiliacs that vanish with time. Therefore, an organization can perform well whether or not there are elites and experts in it. What matters is that, as a leader, one needs to be vigilant and proactive (Powell, n.d.). The other leadership idea found from Powell is that leaders should never be afraid of challenging the pros, even in their own backyard (Powell, n.d.). He notes that as a leader one needs to learn from those who support them, keenly monitor them, and seek them out as advisers and partners. He, however, cautions that even the pros may have leveled out in terms of their skills and learning. This means that leadership is not just being built on blind obedience to everyone, but good leadership promotes everyone’s evolution. Good leaders never ignore details. This means that they must remain vigilant all the times. In this regard, a good leader should ensure that all the activities of an organization are executed at the right time and in the precise way. Powel notes that good leadership also